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“Dreamwood” by Adrienne Rich (1987)
This poem by Rich, published in Poetry magazine, looks at the role of the poet, like the end of “Planetarium.” In “Dreamwood,” Rich focuses on her desk, or “typing stand” (Line 1). Here, poetry is compared to a work “report” (Line 24) through the “material” (Line 23) of the desk. This reflects how poetry is compared to the work of astronomical recording in “Planetarium.”
“The Common Women Poems, II. Ella, in a square apron, along Highway 80” by Judy Grahn (1969)
Judy Grahn is a poet whose work Adrienne Rich promoted. Rich wrote the introduction for Grahn’s collection The work of a common woman: The collected poetry of Judy Grahn, 1964-1977. Both Grahn and Rich were part of the second-wave feminist movement. This poem is one of Grahn’s “Common Women Poems” reprinted on the Poetry Foundation website. It explores both gender and class, describing a waitress’ difficult life. Like the inclusion of natural celestial bodies in “Planetarium,” Grahn’s poem features a natural metaphor, but one on earth—a snake.
“Ah, Moon—and Star!” by Emily Dickinson (c. 1860-1862)
This is an astronomical poem by Emily Dickinson. Like Rich in “Planetarium,” Dickinson uses astronomical measurement in her imagery. Both poems feature the moon, a symbol that is often associated with women. Furthermore, Rich was openly a member of the LGBT community, and there are well-supported theories about Dickinson also being a member of this community.
“Three Poems” by Mary A. Hood (2016)
This blog post from Negative Capability Press features three poems, “Egg,” “Rescuing the Turtle,” and “High School” by Mary A. Hood. The website also features Sue Walker’s interview with Mary A. Hood. Hood is a poet who often writes about being a woman working in science—she is a Professor Emerita of Biology.
“When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision” by Adrienne Rich (1972)
This essay discusses Rich’s feminist project of revising sexist myths, such as the myths behind female constellations used by male scientists in “Planetarium.” It explains her approach to writing outside the poetic conventions created by men, such as traditional forms and meter. Overall, the essay is aimed to help women find their own voices, rather than simply perform the stereotypical roles assigned to them by the patriarchy.
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir (1949)
This is a foundational text for understanding modern feminist thought. French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir heavily influenced second-wave feminists, such as Adrienne Rich. The Second Sex describes how women have been othered, or treated as lesser than men, in society. It examines the history of the oppression of women.
The StarChild website was a project of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center under the direction of Dr. Alan Smale within the Astrophysics Science Section at NASA. It celebrates Herschel’s achievements in science. It also contains some biographical information about Herschel that can enhance a reader’s understanding of “Planetarium.”
This feature for The Marginalian (formerly Brain Pickings) by Maria Popova includes information about Caroline Herschel and Adrienne Rich. It also includes a recording from Popova’s “Universe in Verse,” where astrophysicist and author Janna Levin recites Rich’s poem.
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