33 pages • 1 hour read
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Machines Like Me is set in an alternative history timeline in which Alan Turing survived World War II and helped advance robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and technology. In 1982, Charlie Friend, a former anthropology student and AI enthusiast, purchases one of the exclusive first models of artificial humans with money he inherited from his mother. What persuaded him to do so was that his idol, Sir Alan Turing, also purchased a model. The 25 available models were crafted to represent a full range of ethnicities but are either male or female and named Adam or Eve, respectively. They are advertised as companions, both sexual and platonic, and conversationalists. Charlie brings Adam to his apartment and plugs him in for his initial 16-hour charge. His upstairs neighbor, Miranda, comes to see Adam. Charlie realizes that he has been in love with Miranda for months but doubts that Miranda cares for him, as she’s often indifferent or secretive about her emotions.
Charlie dictates emails and checks his investments on the stock market while printing Adam’s instruction manual. He doesn’t currently have a job and has a long history of failed financial schemes. After he has finished charging Adam, Charlie will need to choose Adam’s personality based on a series of questions, which will in turn influence Adam’s factory settings to create a personhood for him. As Adam charges, he begins to look more physically human, which makes Charlie uneasy, until he realizes that what distinguishes human selfhood from artificial selfhood is the love he’s capable of having for Miranda. He regrets having received an Adam when he initially wanted an Eve. Charlie reflects on his academic history and how his interests in anthropology and robotics intersect at moral relativism.
The next day, Charlie watches a news broadcast of England’s Task Force setting off to confront Argentinian fascists in war. Meanwhile, Adam is nearly charged, and his eyes have become more lifelike. Charlie listens to Miranda moving around in the apartment above his and develops a plan to have Miranda help him determine Adam’s personality as a way to connect himself with her. Charlie prepares a dinner to share with Miranda as Adam completes his charge. Adam asks Charlie for clothes; he’s running on a default program without a personality. Just before Miranda arrives, Adam warns Charlie against trusting Miranda based on “analysis” he has done on the Internet.
The dinner is successful both in romantically linking Charlie and Miranda and in that Miranda agrees to contribute to Adam’s personality. Charlie answers his half of Adam’s personality questions. He considers selling Adam when he makes a remark against Miranda. Instead, he uses Adam’s “kill switch” to power him down until Miranda completes her questions. Although Charlie is invested in his new relationship with Miranda, he doesn’t think Miranda has feelings for him.
Charlie describes the history of AI and its beginnings with Alan Turing in the late 1960s. Turing and his colleague Demis Hassabis developed a program that could beat a master in the game “Go,” a centuries-old game whose masters claim is ultimately won through intuition. Turing presents all his work through open-source publications and once tried to explain these complicated theorems to the general population; frustrated by the public’s lack of interest, Turing became a recluse. Charlie thinks that Turing’s work is currently being exploited by the British government as the Task Force attempts to reclaim the Falkland Island from Argentinian fascists. This attempt fails, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher announces that the country has lost the war. Contrasting with Charlie and Miranda’s new love is “an ocean of national sorrow” (59), which public service strikes make worse. Although Charlie supports the vigils and marches held for the fallen Task Force soldiers, Miranda condemns them as inauthentic and self-serving.
While out on a walk, Charlie sees a young boy, Mark, being beaten by his mother. Acting on moral impulse, Charlie intervenes. The boy’s mother and father argue with him, and then Charlie ironically gives the father his card for when the parents decide to give up Mark.
Several weeks pass before Miranda can answer the programming questions, as her father, Maxfield Blacke—who lives in Salisbury and is a moderately successful author—is ill and she’s completing a paper for her degree. She asks Charlie to accompany her visit Maxfield soon, and they plan to bring Adam with them.
Again, Charlie attempts to make Adam reveal what he knows about Miranda, but Adam only tells him that she was involved in a court case and was potentially the victim of rape. He chooses not to say more because his personality, now in place through his programming, causes him to express conflict between the moral obligation of meeting Charlie’s wishes and keeping his discoveries private.
As Charlie waits in a doctor’s office to have an ingrown toenail treated, he reflects on the history of viruses and medicine, concluding that “The present is the frailest of improbably constructs. It could have been different” (70). Charlie begins taking Adam on walks to acclimate him to society and prepare him for meeting Maxfield. One morning, he takes Adam to his local newsstand and tests how Adam interacts with the clerk, Simon. Without prompting, Adam freezes, causing Simon to regard him with suspicion.
Charlie continues to struggle with his doubt that Miranda is as invested in their relationship as he is. Although they now have keys to each other’s apartments and spend most evenings together, Miranda isn’t open about her emotions or thoughts. To initiate a more personal discussion, Charlie speaks of politics during dinner one evening at Miranda’s apartment. They argue about the nature of war, and Miranda becomes angry that Charlie can’t see the necessity for a firm anti-fascist political policy. As Miranda speaks, Charlie notices Adam listening to her with admiration. They appeal to Adam to settle the dispute by providing his own view; Adam gives the neutral, logical answer that the future can take many paths. Miranda is annoyed at Charlie. She asks Adam to stay and charge in her kitchen as Charlie leaves for his apartment downstairs.
Later that night, Charlie hears Miranda and Adam’s footsteps and voices. They have sex, making Charlie “the first to be cuckolded by an artefact” (90). Charlie takes this as a warning that men may soon become “obsolete” and that Turing’s famous principle is true: If the behavioral differences between a man and a machine become negligible, then all notion of humanity should be given to the machine.
The next morning, Charlie tries to be composed when Miranda brings Adam back downstairs. He finds that he can’t blame either Adam or Miranda for their actions because the complexity of Adam’s AI making moral decisions supersedes Charlie’s emotions—and because being angry at Miranda would imply that he believes Adam has humanity according to Turing’s principle, which he’s unwilling to do. Miranda enters the apartment, has Adam sit at the kitchen table, and then presses his kill switch to power him down so that she and Charlie can speak alone.
As Machines Like Me is set in an alternative history in London, Ian McEwan uses the novel’s opening chapters to establish the theme Societal Collapse and Technological Advancement. Charlie reflects, “The present is the frailest of improbably constructs. It could have been different” (70), which allows his character to interact directly with McEwan’s chosen narrative style. It’s unclear whom Charlie addresses in his first-person account of the political and social issues taking place in England during his time owning Adam, but McEwan chooses to use Charlie to address an audience that may be unfamiliar with the technological advances of the society that the novel portrays. This world-building technique allows McEwan to explain the alternative history setting through Charlie’s narration.
Biblical history is evident through the names of the artificial humans: Adam and Eve, the first humans in the Christian Bible. Naming these artificial humans after the first supposed humans implies the beginning of a new species and implies humanity itself replacing God. It also indicates that Christianity is the dominant mode of religious thinking in England in this alternative-history setting—and that the moral basis for the decisions that Adam, Charlie, and Miranda make intersect with those taught by Christianity.
In this alternative-history London, politics, societal institutions, and finance are on the brink of collapse. Strikes, rising crime rates, and a war against fascism juxtapose Charlie’s emotional conflict with Miranda. Through this contrast, McEwan explores how societal conflict influences interpersonal relationships, primarily through the disagreements that Charlie and Miranda have over the Task Force. Although they share opposing political views, they choose to remain in a close relationship, symbolizing a kind of domestic democracy that mirrors the conflict between Thatcher’s leadership and Tony Benn’s Opposition.
Another of the novel’s themes, Personhood, comes into play as Charlie is responsible for creating Adam’s personality. Unlike a human child, who develops a personality through play, learning, and experience, Adam can be programmed with a personality that he’ll then use as scaffolding for his own machine learning capabilities. However, as Charlie notes, Adam’s machine learning and experiential knowledge ultimately determine his personhood. The ability to “choose” an artificial human’s personality gives a false sense of power to the humans that buy them, which contributes to Charlie’s persistent belief that Adam is his property and doesn’t have a sentient, subjective mind.
For this reason, Charlie thinks that he can use Adam as a tool to bring himself and Miranda closer. Adam becomes the perfect child to Charlie in that he can be programmed to suit their needs, can be powered down, and can look after himself. However, Adam’s machine learning quickly surpasses the personality specifications that Miranda and Charlie set. He begins to make his own moral choices, such as withholding the details of Miranda’s court case from Charlie. This brings into question Adam’s loyalty. Charlie assumes that Adam must be loyal to him, as Charlie purchased him. However, Adam’s love for Miranda complicates this, as Adam feels compelled to honor Miranda’s wishes more than Charlie’s.
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By Ian McEwan