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76 pages 2 hours read

Inside Out And Back Again

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “From Now On”

“Late December” Summary

On Christmas Eve, Mother receives a reply to her letter that she sent months before to Father’s ancestral home in the North. Father’s brother tells in the letter that he checked with the family’s old neighbors and friends of Father’s in the former South; he left messages; he waited. No word came, though, about Father’s whereabouts. The letter causes “a silent / Christmas Eve” (238). Pam brings Hà a new doll with long black hair on Christmas Day. Hà loves the doll and is ashamed that she has no gift to give Pam. The Brothers speculate about Father; maybe he went to Cambodia, France, or Tibet. Only Hà speaks realistically: “What if Father is really gone?” (240). Mother chants each evening, seeking a sign about Father’s fate.

“January” Summary

On the first day back at school after the holiday break, Hà accidentally wears a new nightgown, thinking it is a dress. A girl in the class points out the small flower on the chest of the nightgown, proving it is sleepwear. Hà pulls the stitched decoration off the gown, says “Nightgown no more,” and wears it through the day. Hà shares the incident with Mother. Hà also tells Mother how it feels to receive a gift from Pam without having one to give. Mother reveals that she brought with her from Vietnam the tin of wildflower seeds Hà and TiTi gathered months before; Hà is thrilled to have a perfect gift for Pam.

One day in mid-January, Mother’s amethyst stone goes missing from her ring from Father at work. Though the family returns to her workplace to search, they find nothing, and after an evening of chanting in solitude Mother tells the children, “Your father is / truly gone” (250). Three days later, they dress in their best clothes and hold a ceremony in the house with incense, prayers, and goodbyes to send Father to peace. When Hà tells Miss Washington later about the ceremony, she also tells her about Tết coming up, when a new year will begin.

Hà reflects on transitions in the lives of her brothers. Brother Vũ wants to go to cooking school in San Francisco, where Bruce Lee lived. This disappoints Mother, but she is happy that Brother Quang now goes to night school for engineering and is satisfied that Brother Khôi wants to be a veterinarian. In addition to an engineer, a doctor, and a poet, Mother wanted one of her children to be a lawyer; when she points out that Hà loves argument, Hà denies it, making Mother smile. On Tết, Hà takes stock of the many differences this new year brings compared to last and prays for good things and happiness for Mother and the brothers and peace for Father. For herself, she prays to learn Vũ Lee’s fly-kick move this year, “not to kick anyone / so much as / to fly” (260).

Part 4 Analysis

As the year ends, elements of the story come full circle. Hà has a friend now who is close enough for exchanging unique gifts, the way she would have with TiTi back at home. Pam’s gift replaces the lost mouse-bitten doll Hà lost to the sea, and she and Pam will plant the seeds from Vietnam as TiTi and Hà would have done—not replacement experiences but changed ones.

The family finally knows that Father will not return. Their knowledge is not factual so much as instinctual, guided by the loss of the amethyst stone and by Mother’s deep belief in the calm, meditative tranquility and intuition she finds in prayer and chanting. Their goodbye ceremony allows closure and peace as the year’s end draws near.

Plot conflicts resolve in Part 4, but Hà simultaneously introduces the family’s future and new beginnings. Hà recalls Mother’s specific desires for the career paths of her children; each of the brothers mentions a path that fits his interests at the end of this long, tumultuous year. Hà’s interests toward a career are not so refined as her brothers,’ but Mother thinks she sees a lawyer in Hà’s desire to disagree often.

Hà’s desire to learn to fly-kick in the new year echoes back to the scene in which she bested Pink Boy, not by attacking him but by keeping calm, still, and observant. She had the chance to kick him but walked away instead of giving in to an impulsive and temperamental reaction. Hà is a more mature version of herself now thanks to these qualities, and she is ready to soar.

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