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The Fool is the main character of Accidental Death of an Anarchist. His role is integral to the plot, and without him, the events of the play would not happen. The Fool’s role is mercurial in nature and can be difficult at first for audiences to pin down. This is by design. From the beginning, The Fool sees himself as an actor, one who delights in taking on new parts to make fun of the situation he is in. By satirizing his own circumstances, he is able to survive in a corrupt world. In this satirical mode of existence, he is a modern version of Arlecchino, or Harlequin, from the traditional Italian form of popular theater known as commedia dell’arte. Commedia dell’arte performances were largely improvisational, with performers using traditional character archetypes as a foundation on which to ad-lib most of the action and dialogue. The Fool works in the same mode, with the distinction that his co-performers are unaware that they are in a play. He sees the world as a stage, and other people are simply characters in the play he is devising. Throughout the play, The Fool takes on the role of director, guiding the police to absurdly sing together and speak in solidarity with an anarchist movement they regard as their ideological opposite. Even when he seems to push people too far, he maintains control of the situation and manipulates people into incriminating themselves, just as the police do in their own interrogations. For example, The Fool uses police interrogation tactics to push The Chief and Captain Pissani to the brink of suicide, then retracts everything.
OFFICER. What’s going on, sir?
FOOL. Oh, nothing, nothing happened. Right, Inspector? Right Chief? Go, ahead, put your officer’s mind at ease (41).
Despite literally pushing The Chief and Captain Pissani to the edge (of the window and of absurdity), The Fool cleverly avoids being arrested or facing any consequences for his actions.
Like a medieval court jester, The Fool gets away with speaking truth to power because he does so in a ridiculous, humorous way. The Fool satirizes judges, bishops, police, and forensic experts, all people who have some degree of control and authority in society. He turns these figures into caricatures. By making himself appear outwardly ridiculous, he exposes the ridiculousness of social forms that are usually taken seriously.
The Chief serves as a caricature of corrupt leaders of abusive systems. A supporting character, he exemplifies every point The Fool makes. He blusters his way through the play, unwilling to believe that anyone would be able to get the upper hand while dealing with him. His “bullish” attitude makes him easy for The Fool to manipulate and satirize. His unwillingness to admit fault or acknowledge the inherent corruption of his job causes him to follow The Fool’s lead long after it has become a hindrance to his own goal. When The Fool appears as the comically dressed Captain Piccinni, The Chief goes along with him, even though he is aware of how ridiculous the situation has become.
Ultimately, it is The Chief who is responsible for the corruption at Police Headquarters. He is the one who pushed the anarchist from the window; he is the one who goes along with The Fool’s suggestions to rewrite the report. The Chief consistently illustrates casual abuses of power and corruption within the police force, even not so subtly threatening The Reporter to persuade her to print what he wants. He even argues that the police should be allowed to infiltrate left-wing groups and incite them to violence: “I for one feel not the slightest embarrassment that we, the government, are using every tool we can think of…” (80). The Chief is the play’s clearest embodiment of Corruption and Abuse of Power. He even turns against his fellow police officer, Inspector Bertozzo, to preserve his own control and power: “Don’t you understand it’s got to be kept secret? If the woman finds out about the counter-investigation, we’re done for!” (87).
Inspector Bertozzo is a foil to The Fool. While The Fool repeatedly outsmarts him, he is the only character aware of what is really going on. He knows The Fool is neither a judge nor a police captain nor a bishop, and he refuses to let him get away with any of his tricks. The Inspector is as free of corruption as a police officer can be in Accidental Death of an Anarchist, but his innocence is often indistinguishable from naivete. He isn’t aware of an investigation into the anarchist’s death, and he doesn’t go along with The Chief, Captain Pissani, and The Fool to maintain a cover-up. Instead, Bertozzo persistently tries to stop The Fool, even going against his direct commander: “Hands up! Backs to the wall or I’ll shoot! […] Hands up, I said. You too, Chief” (92). Baffled by the events unfolding around him, he falls back on the only, imprecise tools he knows how to use. In this moment, after he has been ignored for most of the second act, Bertozzo takes extreme action to stop The Fool’s antics, pulling a gun and handcuffing everyone.
What makes Inspector Bertozzo an interesting character is that he represents an honest individual in a corrupt system. He follows the law, and he believes that his work as a police officer is inherently good. It is clear he is aware there is corruption within the police and knows that the anarchist was beaten to death. However, when he learns about the laws that protect people with mental illness, he holds back from beating The Fool or using excessive force on him no matter how obnoxious he finds him. He knows that if he is caught, the consequences will be great. He doesn’t automatically assume that he will be able to cover up his corruption. Fo uses Bertozzo to illustrate the individual’s role in resisting systemic Corruption and Abuse of Power. Bertozzo is willing to expose blatant abuse of power within the police in order to stop The Fool from causing more damage. When the rest of the police gratuitously kiss the ring of The Fool when he is the Bishop, Bertozzo must be forced, and it becomes the straw that breaks the camel’s back, prompting him to act.
The Reporter arrives at police headquarters to expose the police. Her original plan is to interview The Chief and bring up all the inconsistencies from the fake evidence and false reports about the anarchist’s death. She even calls the police out on repeatedly pinning terrorist attacks on left-wing political groups instead of the right-wing groups that are obviously responsible. At times, as she interviews the police, her methods seem almost naive. The Fool even presses her: “Well, what did you expect, ma’am? That we would respond to your obvious provocations […]” (83). Like the press in real life, her attempts to expose the truth are compromised by her need to maintain access to powerful institutions. She has to feed into the Police’s narrative to get information from them, even—in the alternate ending—agreeing to write the story the police want her to write about how The Fool’s died: “Of course, it couldn’t have happened any other way” (98). Her willingness to turn away from the real story illustrates the complicit role the press plays in maintaining the status quo. Instead of writing about the events of the play and revealing how corrupt and incompetent the police are, she opts to write about The Fool as just another anarchist seized by “raptus.”
The Reporter must maintain a careful balance between figuring out what really happened to the anarchist and appeasing the police to maintain her reputation as a reporter. The Chief threatens The Reporter while she presses the police to acknowledge the evidence indicating that the anarchist was beaten. The Fool even concocts a plan to discredit her before she arrives on stage. Then, when The Fool poses as the bishop, he explains how the press, by exposing scandals, creates a release valve for social tension. It’s not that society then roots out corruption and becomes more just; corruption continues, but its occasional exposure creates the illusion that the public is in control. The Reporter is impressed with this explanation and even has The Fool write down the words he said. The Reporter illustrates the complex relationship between the government and the press, two institutions that work in tandem to manipulate the truth and maintain control over a capitalist country and its people.
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